We’ve learned a lot about investing over the past 60 years, a period that has seen many breakthroughs in the world of finance. What we know comes from studying public markets and is grounded in serious academic research. The lessons are clear: Investing in markets is an excellent plan for meeting long-term goals, like maximising your retirement income. When you develop a deeper understanding of public markets, you can cultivate a sense of optimism about investing.
Two ideas are at the heart of embracing this approach:
First, markets provide a way for both sides to win. In order to trade, both buyer and seller have to agree on a price. If either side felt the price wasn’t meeting his or her needs, they wouldn’t trade. This is what we mean when we say market prices are fair.
Second, markets allow all of us to invest in human ingenuity — and get paid for it. We want to help as many people as possible access what markets offer in investment opportunities and wealth generation so they can live better lives.
Even though the investment principles we run on are simple, they aren’t always easy to understand and accept. Many people struggle with some of the basic concepts behind long-term, highly diversified investing — it’s a matter of human nature.
Here are some of the excuses I’ve encountered. I think most of us can relate to at least one of them.
1. “I don’t see the point of investing in the first place.”
Any decision you make with your money—even not investing—is an investment decision involving risk and rewards. You’re focused on the risk involved in investing. But what are you risking by not investing? You’re risking today’s money having less value in the future because of inflation. You’re missing out on the magic of compounding, which Albert Einstein is said to have described as the Eighth Wonder of the World. (Assuming an average 10% return, as the S&P 500 has returned historically, money invested in the stock market doubles every seven years.) You’re forgetting that diversification—spreading your investments across a large number of companies—is a powerful way to minimise risk. When it comes to personal goals, everything has a tradeoff. Most people don’t have enough money saved to be able to live adequately in retirement without earning some kind of investment return. In the simplest terms, by not investing, you risk outliving your money.
2. “I’m too late. The train has left the station.”
It’s natural to feel regret about decisions you’re unsure about. But it’s never too late to invest. Every day, we expect the stock market to go up. Otherwise, investors would find other things to do with their money.
3. “When it comes to investment advice, I don’t know who I’m supposed to trust.”
Here’s the good news: You don’t have to “trust” anyone. Just trust the market. No human being can tell you more than the market has already told you through setting prices. Markets are always reacting to new information in real time. Anything you hear a pundit say on TV or read on an internet message board is yesterday’s news. And it may seem obvious, but you have to remember: There’s a difference between fact and opinion. Cultivate a healthy sense of skepticism when it comes to financial punditry, and remember that it’s not news, but entertainment. And if you need a trustworthy sounding board, consider meeting with an independent financial advisor, whose interests are aligned with your own.
4. “It’s too hard to figure out when to get into — or out of — the market.”
Human beings have a natural urge to transact. But getting into and out of the market is gambling, not investing. If you treat the market like a casino, and you’re picking stocks or attempting to time the market, you need to be right twice—in an aim to buy low and sell high. Fortunately, you don’t need to time the market to have a good investment experience. Professor Eugene Fama, a Nobel laureate in economic sciences, showed that it’s unlikely for any individual to be able to pick the right stock at the right time — especially more than once.
Once you decide to be a long-term investor, the timing debate is off the table. And that’s a big relief. When you buy the whole market, you’re investing in human ingenuity to find productive solutions to the world’s problems.
5. “I’m afraid I’m going to lose it all.”
If you’re lucky enough to live a long time, you’ll face big market downturns. You’re much more likely to “lose it all” with concentrated investments than with a well-diversified portfolio. Individual investments may go to zero, but the modern-day market has been around for almost a century, has an average annual return of 10%, and has never lost more than 43% in a year.
6. “I don’t know what I don’t know, and that makes me nervous.”
It’s OK to be nervous! If investing were a slam dunk, there wouldn’t be a positive expected payoff. In order for an investment to offer the possibility of a return above money-market funds, it needs to carry risk. And when it comes to deciding how to grow your hard-earned money, the stakes are high. Uncertainty is scary, but without uncertainty, there would be no opportunity. Stock market behavior is uncertain, just like most things in our lives. None of us can make uncertainty disappear, but dealing thoughtfully with uncertainty can make a huge difference in investment returns and quality of life. Your challenge is to stick with an established plan. A financial advisor can help.
7. “I only want to invest in companies I’m familiar with.”
Stock markets contain all of the publicly traded companies out there. Every company has an incentive to do better. Investing in human potential across a broad range of companies is more likely to pay off than trying to predict which individual company is going to perform best. You can do well without having to outguess the market.
8. “I’m afraid there’s going to be another financial crisis.”
History shows us that there’s always going to be another financial crisis—and another recovery. Every crisis has a different cause, so it feels different every time, but the market has always delivered a positive return once things settle down. Crises, by definition, are not predictable. Markets are forward-looking and remind us of the power of human resilience.
9. “I’m overwhelmed. It’s just too much to think about.”
Inertia is a powerful force. Thinking a little bit about it right now means worrying a lot less in the future. Inaction comes with a price, but this is where a financial advisor can really help.
10. “I don’t have enough money to invest.”
When it comes to investing for your family’s future, there is no minimum. The first and most important step toward investing is saving. It’s human nature to procrastinate. Half the battle is just getting started. This can mean “paying yourself first” by directing a small percentage of each paycheck into savings. Putting money aside regularly becomes a feel-good habit, like exercise. You can witness your own incremental progress and the boost in self-esteem it brings. You’ll be surprised by how easy it is to set this in motion, and you’ll feel good — for yourself, and your family. Just look at these numbers: If you invest $100 today and then $100 per month for 30 years with a 10% return, you’ll end up with almost $200,000.
FOOTNOTES
DISCLOSURES
Invest Your Way to Financial Freedom